Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Gnosis: Umhlahlandlela Wakho Wokufunda Ngaphambi Kokuthenga Amathokheni we-GNO

Ngenxa yemicimbi eminingi ezungeze i- Defi umkhakha, abasebenzisi manje bazama kanzima ukwenza izibikezelo. Lezi zibikezelo, isikhathi esiningi, zihlobene nezimpahla zedijithali.

Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela umkhondo wazo. IGnosis inikela ngesixazululo esithakazelisa kakhulu kulokhu ngokunikela ngeplatifomu yokubikezela.

I-Gnosis iyipulatifomu esezingeni eliphansi yokubikezela. Ipulatifomu isebenza ku-Ethereum blockchain ngokusebenzisa izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile. Noma ngubani angasebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo ukubikezela imiphumela yezehlakalo. Ungabamba iqhaza ekuthengisweni kwesikhundla kanambambili lapho umcimbi ongahleliwe uphela.

Ungawina ukubikezela komcimbi endaweni yesikhulumi semakethe yokubikezela. Lokhu kuzokuzuzela izimpahla eziningi zedijithali echibini lokubikezela.

Konke ukubikezela kunezingqinamba zazo ngokuya ngomphumela ongaba khona. Ungahola kakhulu lapho ukubikezela kwakho kuphikisana nabantu abaningi empumelelweni yakho yokugcina. Ngalesi sibuyekezo se-Gnosis, uphawu lwayo, nokuthi lusebenza kanjani.

Yini iGnosis?

I-Gnosis isicelo esisezingeni esisebenza njengesikhulumi semakethe yokubikezela. Yakhelwe ku-Ethereum blockchain. I-Gnosis inikeza ungqimba lwengqalasizinda olwenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukwakha izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza zemakethe yokubikezela.

Umlando we-Gnosis Crypto

Umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa we-Gnosis crypto uqale emuva ngonyaka we-2015. Abasunguli beprotocol, uMartin Koppelmann (CEO) noStefan George (CTO), bagcina bethule iGnosis e2017. Indlunkulu yenkampani iseGibraltar.

I-Gnosis crypto iqoqe ezinye izimali ngesitayela sendali yaseDashi. Iqembu lithole isamba esiqinile sama- $ 12.5 wezigidi ngemizuzu eyi-10 ngenkathi igcina ama-95% amathokheni we-Gnosis.

Isebenza kanjani iGnosis? (Izisekelo Zayo)

Ekwenzeni izibikezelo ngemiphumela yemicimbi yesikhathi esizayo, umthetho olandelwayo we-Gnosis usebenzisa ukuhlakanipha okuthola isixuku. Umphumela wanoma imuphi umcimbi unethokheni elihlobene nawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi bangathenga, bathengise futhi / noma bahwebe ngamathokheni ahambisanayo omcimbi.

Futhi, ngenxa yemvelo enamandla yemiphumela engaba khona emakethe yokubikezela, konke kungashintsha. Ngakho-ke lapho ithuba lokuvela komcimbi lishintsha, inani lamathokheni alo lizoshintsha. Lezi zinguquko ezingapheli zinikeza ukucabanga kwenkolelo yabasebenzisi ezibikezelweni.

Imakethe yokubikezela izohlanganisa imininingwane ngemicimbi yesikhathi esizayo ngokuqagela kwabasebenzisi. Eminye imiphumela yomcimbi ingaba nethuba elikhulu lokuvela kuneminye. Lokhu kunikeza amanani ahlukile wamathokheni omcimbi ahambisanayo emakethe evulekile.

Imvamisa, inani lethokheni lingakhuphuka noma lehle. Ngesikhala esithile sesikhathi, eminye imiphumela enamathuba amakhulu okuvela izodonsa inani elikhulu kumathokheni abo.

Lapho umphumela wokugcina wembuliwe, ithokheni elimele lizovezwa ngokuphelele ngokwanda. Lokhu kuzophinda kuveze amanani wawo wonke amanye amathokheni ahlobene nomcimbi, futhi umgcini noma umthengi uzolahlekelwa.

Ukwenza Imifanekiso

Ake sithi usebenzisa imakethe yokubikezela, umsebenzisi ubeka umbuzo womcimbi, 'U-Ethereum uzowethula nini umkhiqizo wawo omusha?' Futhi unikeza izinketho: Julayi, Agasti, Septhemba, Okthoba, nabanye.

Ngokubeka 'Abanye,' wenza inani lawo wonke amathuba libe ngu-100%. Ngaphandle kokubeka okuthi 'Abanye,' kuhlale kunamathuba okuthi ayikho enye yezinketho ezolunga.

Lapho imakethe isivulekile, amathokheni ahambisana nenketho ethi 'Abanye' azothola intengo ephezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amathuba okuba nezinyanga ezingashiwo zonyaka azoba ngaphezulu kunalawo enketho. Uma noma iyiphi inyanga kunketho isuswa, kuzoba noshintsho olulandelayo nezinguquko kumanani emakethe yokubikezela.

Ake sithi u-Ethereum kamuva umemezele uSepthemba, Okthoba, Novemba, noma uDisemba njengenketho yabo. Lesi simemezelo sizodala ushintsho oluthile kuzintengo zamathokheni emakethe yokubikezela.

Kuzoba nokwehla okusheshayo emanani entengo wamathokheni kaJulayi nango-Agasti, azenze zingabi nalutho. Abasebenzisi abathathe njengenketho bazogijimela ukuthengisa lawo mathokheni. Uma izindaba zihamba ngegciwane, kungaba nzima kubanikazi bamathokheni ukuthola abathengi.

Kusukela kulesi simemezelo, amanani wamathokheni we 'Abanye' angaphinda kabili lawo kaSepthemba nango-Okthoba. Kukhona futhi nethuba lokuphazamiseka emakethe yokubikezela.

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi u-Okthoba kungenzeka abe yinyanga kungakhathalekile ukuthi kumenyezelwe kanjani. Lokhu kuzokwenza intengo yamathokheni ka-Okthoba ikhuphuke kakhulu kunamathokheni ngisho 'Kwabanye.'

Ngemuva kwalokho iqembu lakwa-Ethereum ekugcineni limemezela u-Okthoba njengenyanga yokukhishwa komkhiqizo wabo. Imakethe yokubikezela izovalwa, futhi abanikazi bamathokheni ka-Okthoba bazobe sebefuna imivuzo yabo.

Ungenza imali ngezimakethe zokubikezela ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala ukwenza ukubikezela okulungile kwemiphumela yemicimbi. Indlela yesibili ukuhweba ngamathokheni emphumela lapho kunezinguquko ezimweni zemakethe.

Inani Lemakethe Lokubikezela

Ekusebenzeni kwayo, i-Gnosis njengemakethe yokubikezela isebenzisa 'Ukuhlakanipha kwesixuku.' Lokhu kuchaza isimo lapho izibikezelo zeqembu zinembe kakhulu kunezomuntu ngamunye. Lezi zimo ezinjalo, kunendaba ukuthi lowo muntu uchwepheshe ekubikezelweni kwe-cryptocurrency.

Imakethe yokubikezela ifanelana nezimo ezithile zokubikezela. Ungayisebenzisa ukuthola ulwazi ngezihloko eziningi. Ezinye zezihloko ezinjalo zifaka ukubikezela intengo, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Futhi, kusiza ukunquma izinqubomgomo zamamodeli wokubusa ahlukile. Lezi zinqubomgomo zingaba nomthelela omuhle kubantu bonke. Ngokusebenzisa imakethe yokubikezela ngezinhloso zomshuwalense, ungazigwema ngempumelelo izingozi.

Izimakethe zokubikezela nazo zithole usizo olukhulu emkhakheni wezezimali. Ungasebenzisa iphrojekthi ukunquma ukugeleza kwamathuba entengo ezayo yanoma iyiphi impahla.

Ukwakhiwa kweGnosis

Iphrojekthi ye-Gnosis inezinto ezintathu ezinkulu noma izingqimba ku-mainnet yayo:

Isendlalelo Sokubamba

Isendlalelo esiyisisekelo siyisisekelo sesisekelo sepulatifomu. Iqukethe izivumelwano ezihlakaniphile ezisebenzisa yonke inqubo yemakethe ku-protocol.

Lesi sendlalelo senza ukulawulwa kokukhishwa kwamathokheni, okuwumsebenzi oyinhloko wephrothokholi. Ivumela ukwabiwa kwamandla ezindawo kwidijithali ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yekhompyutha ehanjisiwe.

Futhi, i-interface yesikhulumi isebenza kusuka kungqimba lomgogodla wenethiwekhi ye-Gnosis. Lokhu kunika amandla abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ukuthengiselana kwabo ngaphandle kokubambezeleka noma ukukhokhiswa kwemali.

Imali ekhokhwayo esebenzayo kuphela kusendlalelo esiyinhloko inkokhelo ephezulu engu-0.5% yemali ekuthengeni amathokheni emphumela. Lokhu kuvamise ukuba kubasebenzisi abathenga kumenzi wemakethe. Kodwa-ke, iqembu le-protocol lisebenzela ukuqedwa kwalo.

Isendlalelo Sesevisi

Lolu ungqimba luthola okuphuma kulo kungaphakathi futhi lusebenze njengomphelelisi womgogodla. Isebenza njengama-toll akhokhelwayo ukusethwa kwayo yonke ipulatifomu ye-Gnosis. Kuyasiza futhi ekwethulweni kobuchwepheshe obuvela eceleni. Lokhu kungaba uhlobo lohlelo lokukhokha noma izimpahla zedijithali.

Futhi, lolu ungqimba lunezinsizakalo ezithile ezinjengezingxoxo zemali nezinhlamvu zemali ezizinzile. Kusukela ezinhlelweni zethimba le-Gnosis, lolu ungqimba luzothola izici eziningi ekusebenzeni kwalo.

Kodwa-ke, iqembu lilindele ukuthi ungqimba lwensizakalo luzoba nokuxhumana okukhulu nabasebenzisi nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zabathengi. Futhi, lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zisazoxhumeka ngongqimba oyinhloko.

Uhlelo Lokusebenza

Isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza sigcina zonke izinhlelo zokufaka umsebenzisi. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zivame ukugxila emakethe yokubikezela enikeziwe. Yize i-Gnosis inezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingxenyeni zayo, onjiniyela abavela eceleni banikela iningi labo.

Isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza sakhiwe ngaphezulu kwakho konke okuyisisekelo nezendlalelo zensiza. Lesi sendlalelo senza umsebenzisi akwazi ukulungisa ukuhlangana komcimbi. Umsebenzisi uzosebenzisa umtapo wolwazi okhethekile kusendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza.

Ithimba Lezentuthuko

Ithimba lokuthuthukisa i-Gnosis lasungula umthetho olandelwayo we-Gnosis ngoJanuwari 2015. Le protocol yasungulwa ngokuhlanganyela nguMartin Koppelmann (i-CEO ye-Gnosis) kanye noStefan George (CTO we-Gnosis). UKoppelmann noGeorge babambisana noDkt. Friederike Ernst, owaba ngu (Chief Operations Officer) COO we-Gnosis.

IGnosis eyethulwe kwaba isicelo sokuqala esiyisisekelo (dApp) ku-Ethereum Blockchain ngo-Agasti ngalowo nyaka. Ithimba le-Gnosis liqhubeke ngokuthuthuka futhi likhipha imikhiqizo ngokulandelana.

NgoDisemba 2017, iqembu likhiphe i-Olympia, ipulatifomu yayo yokubikezela iBitcoin. Baphinde bakhipha i-Apollo ngoMeyi 2018 kanye nokushintshaniswa kwayo okwabelwe amandla (DEX) DutchX ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ekupheleni konyaka we-2018, iqembu lifake isikhwama semali, i-Gnosis Safe, kwathi ngo-Ephreli 2019, kwethulwa iMercury. I-Gnosis protocol inabeluleki abathile abanikela emhlabeni jikelele. Kubandakanya umsunguli we-Ethereum Vitalik Buterin kanye nomsunguli weConsensys, uJoseph Lubin.

Ukuthuthukiswa kweGnosis

Ngo-2017 njengoba besishilo phambilini, iqembu lokuthuthukisa i-Gnosis lethule umqhudelwano wokubikezela ukuhlolwa kwe-Olympia. Uhlelo lokubikezela lwasetshenziswa ukuze kufundwe ukuthi imakethe futhi iqoqe kanjani ulwazi mayelana nokuthi lezi zimakethe zokubikezela zisebenza kanjani.

Uhlelo lusebenzise amathokheni e-Olimpiki abiwe nabo bonke abangenele ukubheja ezimakethe eziningi zokubikezela.

Abaphumelele bavuzwa ngamathokheni we-GNO anamanani wangempela. Futhi, ukuhlelwa kwangemuva ku-Gnosis Management Interface enika amandla abasebenzisi ukudala nokubona imicimbi emakethe. I-interface ibuye ibavumele ukuthi babeke ukubikezela emicimbini ebukhoma.

Ithimba lokuthuthukisa i-Gnosis likhiphe i-Apollo ngoMeyi 2018. I-Apollo iyindawo yemakethe yokubikezela yabasebenzisi yokwakha ukubikezela kwabo kwentengo ngokuya ngesakhiwo noma uhlaka lwemakethe yokubikezela.

Futhi, ngo-Ephreli 2019, iqembu lethule inguqulo 0.2.2 yohlaka lwenkontileka yeMercury Smart. Uhlaka lwenkontileka ehlakaniphile lusengaphansi kokuthuthuka okusebenzayo.

Izimpawu ze-Gnosis (i-GNO ne-OWL)

Iphrojekthi yeGnosis inamathokheni amabili ahlukile, ithokheni le-GNO nethokheni ye-OWL. Ithokheni ye-GNO isebenza ku-Ethereum blockchain ngakho-ke ithokheni le-ERC-20. Ithimba lephrothokholi laqala ukudweba futhi lathengisa i-GNO eyizigidi eziyi-10 ku-ICO yabo. Ngakho-ke,

Lapho umsebenzisi efaka i-GNO, uthola amathokheni e-OWL. Le nqubo ifaka phakathi ukukhiywa kwe-GNO ukuyenza ingadluliseki esivumelwaneni esihlakaniphile. Inani le-OWL elizoyithola ngokukhiya lincike ezintweni ezimbili. Esokuqala isikhathi sokukhiya amathokheni we-GNO.

Okwesibili ukunikezwa okuphelele noma ukutholakala kwethokheni ye-OWL emakethe ye-crypto. Ithimba lihlela ukuba nokuhlinzekwa nge-20x OWL okukhulu kunokusebenzisa okujwayelekile.

I-OWL inesizukulwane sayo sokuqala ngoJuni 2018 ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-Apollo. Njengezinhlamvu zemali ezizinzile, amathokheni e-OWL anokugeleza kwe-1 OWL kuye ku- $ 1. Amathokheni asetshenziswa njengamathokheni wokukhokha endaweni yesikhulumi se-Gnosis. Lapho i-GNO isetshenziselwa ukuthenga i-OWL, amathokheni we-GNO ayashiswa.

Ayikwazi ukubanjwa isikhathi eside njengetokheni lephrothokholi. Futhi, lapho kukhokhwa khona imali yesikhulumi namanye amathokheni e-ERC-20, i-Gnosis izosebenzisa lawo mathokheni ukuthenga i-GNO. Ngemuva kokuthenga, umthetho olandelwayo usashisa amathokheni.

Ipulatifomu ye-Gnosis igcina inani lamathokheni we-GNO ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokubamba nokushisa. Ngokulungiswa kokusatshalaliswa kwayo, ipulatifomu igcina inani lentengo lamathokheni we-OWL ku- $ 1 ithokheni ngayinye.

Ungayithenga kanjani i-GNO

Ungathenga kalula amathokheni we-GNO kunoma yikuphi ukushintshaniswa lapho kutholakala khona ithokheni, njengeKraken, Bittrex, nabanye.

Nayi inkomba yokukusiza esinyathelweni okufanele usithathe:

• Bhalisa i-akhawunti ngokushintshana okufanelekile - Khumbula ukuthi konke ukushintshaniswa akubhalisi ithokheni le-GNO kungxenyekazi yabo. Kufanele ubhalisele i-akhawunti kuphela ekushintshanisweni okufaka kuhlu amathokheni we-GNO.
• Inqubo yokubhalisa i-akhawunti izodinga ukuthi ufake eminye imininingwane yakho. Imininingwane ifaka igama lakho, amakheli angokwenyama nawe-imeyili, mhlawumbe nenombolo yakho yocingo.

Kwezinye izimo zokuqinisekiswa kwe-akhawunti, uzolayisha i-ID ekhishwe uhulumeni. Lokhu kungasebenza futhi njengenqubo ye-KYC (Yazi Ikhasimende Lakho). Futhi, khumbula ukuqala ukuqinisekiswa kwakho kwezinto ezimbili ukuvikela izimali zakho.

• Faka Imali Yakho - Uma i-akhawunti yakho ivuliwe futhi yaqinisekiswa, kufanele uqhubeke ubeke imali ethile ku-akhawunti. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukwazi ukuthenga kwakho ngamathokheni we-GNO.
• Ngokuya ngokushintshisana okusebenzisayo, ungahle ungakwazi ukuthenga i-crypto ngqo ngezimali ze-fiat. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzoqala uthenge noma iyiphi i-cryptocurrency efana neBitcoin (BTC) noma i-Ether (ETH). Ngemuva kwalokho uzoshintshanisa ngaleyo crypto ngamathokheni we-GNO.
• Landela inqubo evunyelwe yokushintshanisa, futhi udlulisele imali yakho ye-fiat ukuthenga i-BTC noma i-ETH.
• Thenga i-GNO - Uma usuthole i-cryptocurrency, ungasesha ebhokisini lakho lokusesha inketho yokushintshanisa efanele ukuthola i-GNO.
• Uma usebenzisa i-BTC ukushintshanisa, inketho efanele ongayikhetha kuzoba yi-GNO / BTC. Bese uchofoza ku-'Thenga i-GNO 'bese ufaka inani elizothenga. Uzodinga futhi ukukhetha i-oda lemakethe noma umkhawulo we-oda njengoba kunikezwe ukushintshisana okusebenzisayo.

Ungayithengisa kanjani i-GNO

Zombili izinqubo zokuthenga nokuthengisa ziyafana. Uzophinda uthengise amathokheni we-GNO ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi 'Sell GNO'. Bese uqhubeka ngokukhetha ifa ledijithali elitholakalayo lokushintshana elifana nesidingo sakho bese uqhafaza KULUNGILE. Ukushintshaniswa kuzobe sekusebenzisa i-oda lakho ngentengo enhle emakethe ye-crypto.

Ukuhweba kweTNO Token

Ithimba lephrojekthi ye-Gnosis lalinikele ngemali yabo yokuqala (i-ICO) cishe ngo-Ephreli 2017 besebenzisa indali yaseDashi. Bathengise u-5% wawo wonke amathokheni ahlinzekwe kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10. Ukuthengisa kukhuphule 'ikepisi labo elinzima' laya ku-USD 12.5 million.

Ithimba ligcine ama-95% esele wamathokheni asele, okunikeze abatshalizimali ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Iqembu lakwazi lokhu futhi, ngenhloso yokubathulisa-bathembisa ukungalokothi bahambise amathokheni emakethe ye-crypto. Bathembise ukunikeza isaziso sezinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuthengisa.

Intengo yamathokheni we-GNO ngesikhathi se-ICO yayingu- $ 50. Kepha inyukele ezingeni eliphakeme lama- $ 388.62 kuma-20^th kaJuni 2017.

Inani lamathokheni lahlala kulelo zinga eliphakeme elingaphezu kwama- $ 300 ngokufana nezinsuku eziyi-7 ngaphambi kokuhlehla kancane kancane liye ku- $ 200 cishe ngo-Agasti 2017. Intengo yethokheni iphinde yehla yaya ku- $ 100 ngasekungeneni kwekota yesine ngalowo nyaka. Ngesikhathi sokubhala lokhu kubuyekezwa kwe-Gnosis, intengo yayo imi ku- $ 171.

Isikweletu sezithombe: CoinMarketCap

Iqembu lalinezindaba ezimnandi lapho intengo yamathokheni we-GNO ifinyelela ku- $ 461.17 okokuqala ngqa ngomhlaka 5 kuJanuwari 2018. Lokhu kwenzeke phakathi nemihlangano ye-crypto kaDisemba 2017 noJanuwari 2018. I-GNO, namanye ama-cryptos emakethe, ilahlekelwe inani ngemuva kwalokho. Kuhlala kulokhu kuthengiswa kwentengo ephansi ngonyaka we-20018.

Ifike kunani elingaphansi kwama- $ 10 maqondana nesikhathi sikaNovemba nangoDisemba walowo nyaka, ilahlekelwe ngaphezulu kwama-98% wenani layo eliphakeme. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ibuyise njengokuphindwe kabili inani layo eliphansi ukufinyelela ku- $ 30 ngama-25^th kaMeyi 2019. Ithimba likholelwa ukuthi i-GNO ingaqhubeka nokuzuza inani uma kungenzeka kube nemibuthano eminingi.

Noma kunjalo, abasebenzisi bangathenga amathokheni we-GNO kunombolo enhle yamapulatifomu. Amapulatifomu afana neBittrex neKraken anomthamo omkhulu kakhulu. Ezinye ezamukelwe yiHitBTC, iMercatox, iBX Thailand, noma iBancor Network.

Ithokheni le-GNO linevolumu elinganiselwe nakuba lifakwe ohlwini lwazo zonke lezi zingxoxo ezingenhla. Lokhu kube ukukhathazeka okukhulu kubasebenzisi bayo.

Ngoba kungadala ukuthi abasebenzisi abaphethe ivolumu yamathokheni aphakeme babe nenkinga yokwehla kwemali, kuphinde kusho ukuthi iqembu elisungulayo lizoba ngukuphela kokulawulwa kokuthengisa ngoba babambe u-90% wamathokheni emakethe yemali.

Izinketho Zokugcina ze-GNO

I-GNO iyithokheni ye-ERC-20. Ungagcina amathokheni we-GNO usebenzisa noma yisiphi isikhwama esivumelana ne-ERC-20. Kukhona izinketho zokusebenzisa isikhwama sesoftware noma isikhwama sehadiwe sokugcina kwakho.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhwama sehadiwe kuhlala kuyindlela engcono yokukhetha ukuphepha. Isikhwama siza nokhiye abayimfihlo, ozobagcina kudivayisi. Ezinye izikhwama zehadiwe ezitholakalayo zifaka phakathi iLedger Nano, iMyEtherWallets, iTrezor Model One, njll.

Isikhwama seLedger Nano sikunikeza ukuphepha okukhulu kwamathokheni akho. Isikhwama sinikwe amandla emali eminingi futhi singagcina amathokheni ahlukile angaphezu kwe-1,000 XNUMX.

I-MyEtherWallet yisikhwama sewebhu okulula kakhulu ukusisebenzisa. Futhi kumahhala futhi kuyasebenziseka.

Futhi, unenketho yokugcina amathokheni akho we-GNO ngesikhwama se-Gnosis Safe. Lesi sikhwama sinikela ngokuphepha nokusebenziseka kalula kubasebenzisi baso.

Isiphetho Sokubukeza kwe-Gnosis

IGnosis imi njengemakethe ephezulu yokubikezela esezingeni eliphansi. Inikezela ngengqalasizinda yezicelo zokubikezela. Ithimba lephrothokholi lilwela ukwenza iGnosis inkundla yokubikezela ehamba phambili. Banikeza abasebenzisi okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle ngosesho olwenzelwe wena uqobo.

Ngokwakha izindlela ezifanele zokulawulwa kwamathokheni, iqembu selikhiqize imikhiqizo esezingeni. Ngokuqagela ukukhishwa kwabantu abaningi, ithokheni le-Gnosis lenze umthelela omkhulu wokutshalwa kwezimali ezimakethe zokubikezela.

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